The article, based on unpublished sources, shows the process of organizing the archive of the Headquarters of the Separate Corps of Gendarmes (HSCG), which consisted of several stages. At the first stage, the archive was not actually separated from the office work and had no special manager, which caused the disorder and led to the need for regular full-scale inspections. A new stage in the life of the archive was outlined with the establishment of the post of the chief of the archive of the HSCG, the first of which in 1853 was the titular adviser DS. Fedorov. Over time, in 1874, the post was abolished, but the archive was constantly under authority of the Secretary of the Corps Headquarters, who was also in charge of the Chancery. Until 1899, the post of Secretary of the Staff was occupied by civil servants (titular adviser Bragin, SZ Nesterov, LO Natkovsky). Subsequently, this position was taken exclusively by the officers of the Separate Corps of Gendarmes (NP Starov, AN Vaulin, DA Pravikov, LK Bankovsky, VN Likhachevsky). Most of these officers considered the post of secretary of the headquarters as temporary and looked for opportunities to head any gendarme department, and therefore the state of the archive could not be called exemplary.

The paper is dedicated to the 100^th anniversary of the establishment of a network of state archives in Russia. The author states that one of the achievements of the Russian archivists from the early 20^th century is at the same time the greatest theoretical achievement of the world archival science in the last century.

The theory of Unified State Archival Fund appears in response to the new tasks of historical archives around the world in respect of the immense amount of emerging documents, their extreme diversity in type, mode of creation and use, the rapid development of social sciences. The comprehensive coverage of historically valuable documentation for its preservation for future generations (regardless of the type, author, creator and owner of the information, the technique of fixing and using it) appears to be the most easily achievable in Soviet Russia and in the countries similar to her in terms of organization, but it is a task for all other countries.

The article mentions statements about the positives of overall and integrate centralization of the archives, made by many prominent representatives of world archival theory and practice. Throughout the 20^th Century, there actually was an exchange of ideas and positive practices in this respect, regardless of the economic and political differences between countries. Particularly impressive are the successes of the archivists in Canada, where the quest is for archives that are even been called «total” but which, unfortunately, forgetting their predecessors are presented as a theoretical novelty.

The article reveals the process and features of the formation of archival business in the Kuban region in the prewar period. On the example of the activity of scientists and archivists, the author made an attempt to show the dynamics of the formation of the archival business in the regions and cities of the Kuban. The first two decades of the formation of the Soviet archival system in the Krasnodar region (Kuban-black sea region) were complex and contradictory. It was during this period that there was an intensification of archival activities: the “Kuban-black sea archive” was created, the participation of scientists and archivists in the 1st Congress of archivists of the Kuban-black sea region, the first archival courses and the development of the first training manual for archival workers, and at the same time the turnover and volatility of archival personnel, the reception of a new large complex of archival documents, archival expeditions to collect documents, the lack of archival space and all this in less than two decades. It is possible to assume that this not simple period in many respects predetermined further development of archival business in the region.

The article is devoted to the history of the management of the Petrograd (Leningrad) state archives during the period from the archival reform of 1918 to the end of the war (1945). This history reflected the specifics of the state of the archival administration in the northern capital in 1917 and the specifics of the situation of Leningrad itself in the USSR. The management system of the central state archives in Leningrad was influenced by the circumstances of the war of 1941–1941. The article details the evolution of institutions that managed the central and local archives located in the city. An important event in the history of the Leningrad archives was the division of them into the central and the regional archives(1925). But the management of all the archives in the was united in one person for a long time. The history of the network of central and local state archives located in Leningrad was also specific. The creation of local archives in Leningrad was slower than in the other regions of the country. The development of the network of the central archives proceeded along the path of gradual separation (according to a branch line) from a single archive (the Leningrad Central Historical Archive) firstly of the four central archives, and then the union of the two of them. The article also describes the persons who managed the archives in Petrograd – Leningrad, their previous biographies, their socio-cultural appearance and personal characteristics.

The article presents аn idea of creating a “Russian archival encyclopedia”. It appeared during the author’s work on the collection of articles “Role of Archives in Information Support of Historical Science” (Moscow, 2017). The collection is dedicated to the 100th anniversary of the Archive service of Russia. The collection was published in the framework of the project “Role of Museums – Libraries – Archives in Information Support of Historical Science”. The characteristic of the necessary and sufficient conditions for the creation of the encyclopedia is given. It is scientific knowledge of a certain level, knowledge holders (researchers and those who professionally make encyclopedias); management system capable of solving the organizational and logistical difficulties and of providing financing. The article substantiates the usefulness of the archival encyclopedia for society, the advantages of an interdisciplinary approach and the focus on the actualization of the documentary heritage. Its territorial and chronological coverage, as well as the thematic structure are determined: articles about archives, history and organization of archiving, biographical articles. The author is convinced: working on the encyclopedia is our chance to take a different look at what we now consider to be true knowledge about the archive and correspondingly, to confirm it or make corrections. The encyclopedia will provide material for monitoring the state of the industry by the authorities and for elaborating its development strategies.

The article touches the problem of scientific heritage preserving and transmitting in Russiain 20^th – 21^st centuries. As an example, the personal funds of the geologist A.P. Pavlov and paleontologist M.V. Pavlova from the Archive of Russian Academy of Sciences are discussed in details.

The article presents brief biographical information about A.P. Pavlov and M.V. Pavlova, gives an overview of their funds and shows the formation conditions of the Pavlov Scientific School. The documents of scientists allow us to address a wide range of issues from the preparation of articles and reports to participation in major international symposia and congresses, from sending individual letters to building a whole network of scientific connections, from personal merits in science activities to a comprehensive study of the science history.

Besides the jubilees of scientists as a factor in maintaining interpersonal communications are examined, and a way of scientific achievements representation is traced.

The article is devoted to the analysis of documents of the Russian State Archive of Economics on the history of Soviet-French trade relations in the “era of detente.” The desire of France in the 1960-1970s to establish mutually beneficial cooperation with the USSR became one of the important components of the new foreign policy doctrine of Paris. The visit of French President Charles de Gaulle to the USSR in 1966 was the starting point for the improvement of Soviet-French relations. Following the results of the talks in Moscow, in order to improve trade and economic relations between the countries, intergovernmental commissions for trade were established, a Soviet-French Chamber of Commerce was established. To increase exports of equipment and machinery from the Soviet Union, so-called “Soviet-French mixed societies” were established. Documents on the history of Soviet-French trade are concentrated in the fund of the Ministry of Foreign Trade of the Russian State Archive of Economics (RSAE). A common array of documents, typewritten copies of the record of interviews of employees of foreign economic associations with representatives of French firms and reports of the trade mission of the USSR in France. However, despite the friendly atmosphere of cooperation, the USSR and France failed to realize all the potential opportunities in the field of trade and economic relations. The share of the USSR in the foreign trade turnover of France was about 2%.

The article describes the subject matter and the significance of the monarchic émigré community documents that were published in Volumes 7 and 8 of the documentary collection: “The Russian Monarchic Émigré Community”. This unique and extensive archaeographic project, which is characterized in the main, contains ten volumes of documents and papers that are stored in the archives of the Russian intelligence service and that have been kept as top secret documents for almost 100 years. The publication of the 10-volume work has been finished by now, and the authors consider it to be one of the most successful archaeographic projects in contemporary Russia. Volumes 7 and 8 contain Soviet intelligence service documents that do not only cover various issues of the history of the Russian military émigré community but also deal with the activity of the monarchic organizations in Japan and China in the 1920s – 1930s. The authors see the significance of the documents in the fact that it is for the first time that they disclose the contradictions between different monarchic trends which existed within the émigré community. Besides, they present a vast picture of conflict relations between the military and monarchic groups and their leaders. Lastly, the extensive comments and sophisticated finding aids of Volumes 7 and 8 expand substantially the general picture of the life of the monarchic émigré community in Japan and China. Therefore, the authors come to the conclusion that these two volumes of the well known documentary series have significantly broadened the source basis of the research on the Russian monarchic émigré community in the 1920s – 1930s.

Standardization is one of the major directionsin the development of all areas of activity of any modern country. Russia is no exception in this matter; the chronology of its state system of standardization dates back to 1925. At the present stage, the Federal Agency on Technical Regulating and Metrology (Rosstandart) is the governing body on standardization in the Russian Federation. The purpose of the article is to study and present the goals and tasks facing this state body, as well as to identify its role in the development of the modern state. Its activities in the field of standardization are carried out by Rosstandart via its subordinate organizations and technical committees. The article presents the modern structure of the Federal Agency (Rosstandart) and its activities in the field of standardization. The author analyzes the legal framework of the national standardization system, which includes not only laws, but also a special series of national standards. Particular attention is given to the concept of the development of standardization in the Russian Federation, its focus on the interests of society and the state. Finally, the author comes to the conclusion that the Federal Agency on Technical Regulating and Metrology plays the major role in the development of standardization in the Russian Federation.

The article attempts to analyze the activities of the German archival community and its leading role in the European archival community.

The author made an attempt to reconstruct the difficult period of the formation of the German archive committee in the postwar period in the British occupation zone, and then the German archivists’ community in the Federal Republic of Germany. The author tries to trace the role of the Day of German archives from the first meetings to the level of the international forum and the issues discussed at the discussion sites. For the first time The Russian society of archivist historians announced its activities in 2011 in Bremen, where the Chairman of the ROIA E. I. Pivovar identified three key problems: archives-national memory; the use of archival documents as evidence of legal framework and in the framework of counteraction to attempts to distort history; raising the prestige of the profession of archivist. The Russian delegation raised the issue of the quality of archival education and interdisciplinary approach, as well as the demand of graduates in research institutions at the discussion platforms.

This article is devoted to the participation of the delegation of the Russian society of historians and archivists in the forum day of German archives.

This article is devoted to the participation of the delegation of the Russian Society of Archivist Historians in the work of the German Archives Day.