Anthropological data on the biological image of the population of Armenia during the Late Bronze Age. From the Kuchak burial ground

Abstract

The article deals with a bioanthropological analysis of seven individuals from the Kuchak burial ground (the Aragatsotn Region, Armenia), dated back to the 13^th – 12^th centuries. The study includes craniological, osteological, odontological, and paleopathological examinations. Dolichocrany was identified, typical of the populations in the South Caucasus. Discrete cranial traits suggest possible familial relationships among the individuals. The dental system is classified as southern gracile with the marked hypoconus reduction. Evidence of the intense physical activity includes traces of intense physical exertion are noted: occipital structures, developed muscular relief, enthesopathies and the «rider’s complex». Cranial deformations in children reflect traditional infant care practices and possible early labor. The identified pathological conditions include cribra orbitalia, mastoiditis, osteomyelitis, and frontal hyperostosis. Data obtained indicate a sedentary lifestyle, high levels of physical activity and exposure to environmental stress factors. The work widens understanding of the population adaptation strategies in Late Bronze Age Armenia.