The social sphere and the living standards of the Kirov region population during the time of the second five-year plan (1933–1937)
https://doi.org/10.28995/2658-6541-2021-2-32-57
Abstract
The article focuses on the social sphere development of the Kirov region in the years of the second five-year plan (1933–1937). It substantiates a direct link between the dynamic development of the industrial sector of the regional economy and the changes in the social sphere. The authors trace the changes in the incomes and purchasing power of the population of the region. They give the ratio of average wages in different industries and the prices for basic consumer goods along with the abolition of the rationing distribution system in the Soviet Union. In addition, the article provides the data pertaining to the regional budget expenditures on the education, health care and social support for the vulnerable groups of the population; the paper also traces the positive growth trend in the number of schools, hospitals, and cultural institutions. The authors state the special role and managing methods of the regional party bodies in resolving the social development tasks for the region and in protecting the interests of ordinary industrial and agricultural workers. Аt the same time, noting the positive trend in the development of the social sphere in the designated geographical framework, the authors draw attention to the whole range of its systemic issues. They classify as such the housing shortage, growing over the entire period, the disparity in the development of big cities and rural areas, the insufficient level of medical care provided to the population, and the serious shortcomings in the education of young people. However the authors come to the conclusion that the Kirov region during the years of the second five-year plan was a dynamically developing territory with good prospects.
About the Authors
V. I. BakulinRussian Federation
Vladimir I. Bakulin, Dr. of Sci. (History), professor
Lipniki village, Adler District, Sochi, 354393, Krasnodar region
P. A. Chemodanov
Kirov Regional Museum of Local Lore
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Pavel A. Chemodanov, Cand. of Sci. (History)
bld. 48, Svobody St., Kirov, 610040
References
1. Bakulin, V.I. (2006), “Staff “purges” of 1933–1938 in the Kirov region and the Soviet society consolidation issue”, in Listaya istorii stranicy: Vyatskii kraj i vsya Rossiya v dvadcatom veke. Sbornik nauchnyh statej [Turning the pages of history: Vyatka region and Russia in the twentieth century. Collected scientific articles], Kirov, Russia, pp. 179–188.
2. Bakulin, V.I. (2018), “On the eve of February. The province in the conditions of the World War”, in Vyatskaya guberniya v 1917–1918 godah: revolyuciya i evolyuciya politiko-upravlencheskoj sistemy [Vyatka province in 1917–1918. Revolution and evolution of the political and administrative system], RadugaPRESS, Kirov, Russia.
3. Bakulin, V.I. (2020), “Bureau of the Kirov regional committee of the CPSU (b) and the issue of political repression in 1937”, in History and archives, no. 2, pp. 12–37.
4. Berdinskikh V. A. (2001), Istoriya odnogo lagerya (Vyatlag) [History of a labor camp (Vyatlag)], Agraf, Moscow, Russia.
5. Chemodanov, I.V. (2016), Sel’skoe hozyajstvo i krest’yanstvo Vyatskogo regiona v usloviyah modernizacii (1928–1941 gg.) [Agriculture and peasantry of the Vyatka region in the context of modernization (1928–1941)], Staraya Vyatka, Kirov, Russia.
6. Chemodanov, P.A. (2019), “Architectural and spatial development of Vyatka / Kirov in the interbellum period: plans and reality”, in Gorod na Vyatke: istoriya, kul’tura, lyudi (k 645-letiyu Hlynova – Vyatki – Kirova): Materialy Vserosijskoi nauchnoi konferencii (Kirov, 10 iyunya 2019 g.) [City on the Vyatka river: history, culture, people (to the 645th anniversary of Khlynov – Vyatka – Kirov): Materials of the all-Russian scientific conference (Kirov, June 10, 2019)], Kirov, Russia, pp. 66–77.
7. Chemodanov, P.A. (2019), Stahanovskoe dvizhenie v ekonomicheskoj i sociokul’turnoj zhizni sovetskoj provincii v 1935–1941 gg. (na materialah Kirovskoj oblasti)[The Stakhanov movement in the economic and socio-cultural life of the Soviet province in 1935–1941 (based on materials from the Kirov region)], Gertsenka, Kirov, Russia.
8. Chemodanov, P.A. (2019), “Bread is not for everyone: on the abolishment of bread rationing on the territory of the Kirov region at the beginning of 1935”, in Pamyatnaya knizhka Kirovskoj oblasti i kalendar’ na 2020 god: informacionnostatisticheskij sbornik[Commemorative book of the Kirov region and calendar for 2020: inform.-statistical compilation], Kirov, Russia, pp. 264–272.
9. Chemodanov, P.A. (2020), “From the tailor’s daughter to the “enemy of the people”: “five lives” of Miza Boreva”, in Vyatskii Interbellum: Ocherki istorii Vyatskogo kraya v mezhvoennyj period [Vyatka Interbellum: Essays on the history of the Vyatka region in the interbellum period], Gertsenka, Kirov, Russia, pp. 120–135.
10. Dubovtsev V. A. (2014), Modernizaciya: istoriya nashego vremeni. Ekonomicheskie i obshchestvenno-politicheskie processy v hode sovetskoj modernizacii i liberal’nyh reform[Modernization. The history of our time. Economic and socio-political processes in the course of Soviet modernization and liberal reforms], Vesi, Kirov, Russia.
11. Karacharov, Yu.G. (1990), Vse ravno budu zhit’!: Dokumental’nyj rasskaz o zhertvah stalinskih repressij v Kirovskoj oblasti[I Will Live Anyway!: A documentary story about the victims of Stalin’s repressions in the Kirov region], Volgo-Vyatskoye Book Publishing House: Kirov department, Kirov, USSR.
12. Kashina, V.M. (2008), “Industrialization in the Kirov region (Oblast): Concepts and Results”, in Enciklopediya zemli Vyatskoj. Tom 10, Kn. 2 [Encyclopedia of the Vyatka Land, vol. 10, book 2], Kirov, Russia, pp. 141–150.
13. Klyukin, V.I. (1971), “Kommuny budushchej tvorcy”: Ocherki istorii Kirovskoj organizacii VLKSM[“The future commune creators”: Essays on the history of the Kirov organization of the Komsomol], Volgo-Vyatskoye Book Publishing House: Kirov department, Kirov, USSR.
14. Semeno, A.V. (2018), “1935–1940. Socio-political situation in the Kirov region”, in VyatGubCHK – UKGB – UFSB po Kirovskoj oblasti: Stranicy stoletnej istorii [VyatGubChK – KGB – FSB in the Kirov region. Pages of the century history], Krepostnov, Kirov, Russia.
15. Semenova, A.Yu. (2012), Social’no-ekonomicheskoe polozhenie rabochih cenzovoj promyshlennosti Vyatskoj gubernii / Kirovskoj oblasti v 1928–1937 gg. [Socioeconomic situation of workers in the large and medium-sized industries of the Vyatka province / the Kirov region in 1928–1937], Kirov, Russia.
16. Smetanina, N.D. (2008), Istoriya vyatskogo iskusstva XVIII–XX vekov v rasskazah i lekciyah dlya uchashchihsya [A history of the Vyatka art of the 18 th– 20 th centuries in stories and lectures for students], O-kratkoe, Kirov, Russia.
17. Vdovin Z.I. (1972), Deyatel’nost’ kirovskoj kraevoj partijnoj organizacii po rukovodstvu narodnym hozyajstvom i kul’turnym stroitel’stvom v gody vtoroj pyatiletki (1933–1937 gg.)[Activity of the Kirov regional party organization in management of the economy and cultural construction during the second five-year plan (1933–1937)], Moscow, USSR.
18. Zagvozdkin, G.G. (1995), “Triumph and tragedy of the 30s”, in Enciklopediya zemli Vyatskoj. Tom 4[Encyclopedia of Vyatka Land, vol. 4], Kirov, Russia, pp. 379–393.
19. Zhiromskaya, V.B. (2001), Demograficheskaya istoriya Rossii v 1930-e gody. Vzglyad v neizvestnoe [Demographic history of Russia in the 1930s. Looking into the unknown], ROSSPEN, Moscow, Russia.
Review
For citations:
Bakulin V.I., Chemodanov P.A. The social sphere and the living standards of the Kirov region population during the time of the second five-year plan (1933–1937). History and Archives. 2021;(2):34-59. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.28995/2658-6541-2021-2-32-57
Views:
322
Email this article 