<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">documentation</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">История и архивы</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>History and Archives</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2658-6541</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Russian State University for the Humanities (RSUH)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.28995/2658-6541-2026-8-2-139-159</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">documentation-592</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПЕРСОНАЛЬНАЯ ИСТОРИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PERSONAL HISTORIES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Зигзаги судьбы советского комсомольца и американского социолога Джорджа Фишера</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Twists of fate of George Fischer, a Soviet Komsomol member and an American sociologist</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4398-8154</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Попов</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Popov</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Андрей В. Попов, кандидат исторических наук, доцент, независимый исследователь</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Andrei V. Popov, Cand. of Sci. (History), associate professor, independent researcher</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">insatiable@fryazino.net</email></contrib></contrib-group><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>13</day><month>06</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>8</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>139</fpage><lpage>159</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Попов А.В., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Попов А.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Popov A.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://documentation.rsuh.ru/jour/article/view/592">https://documentation.rsuh.ru/jour/article/view/592</self-uri><abstract><p>Статья посвящена биографии и творческому пути одного из ведущих американских социологов и политологов Джорджа Фишера (George Fischer) (1923–2005). Первая часть статьи посвящена биографии Дж. Фишера, его непростому жизненному пути, включающему детство и юность в Берлине и Москве, участие во Второй мировой войне в качестве офицера американской армии, научную и общественную деятельность после окончания войны в Германии и США. Особое внимание уделено воспоминаниям его матери – Берте Яковлевне Фишер (Маркуше), которая описывает советское общество 1920–1930-х гг.</p><p>Вторая часть статьи раскрывает основные этапы научной деятельности Дж. Фишера. Дается анализ его основных научных трудов, взглядов и концепций. Рассматривается концепция социальной интеграции и «инертности» советских людей, а также вопросы конформизма в западном обществе. В статье рассказывается о работах Дж. Фишера, посвященных пионерам советской социологии – советским социологам 1960-х гг. Рассматривается концепция советского общества как альтернативной модели общественного устройства. Особое внимание уделено выдвинутой Дж. Фишером концепции самоуправляющегося общества.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article focuses on the biography and creative path of one of the leading American sociologists and political scientists George Fischer (1923–2005). The first part of the paper is devoted to G. Fischer’s biography, his difficult way of life, including his childhood and youth in Berlin and Moscow, his participation in World War II as an officer in the United States Army, his scientific and social activities in Germany and the USA after the end of the war. Particular attention is paid to the reminiscences of his mother – Markoosha Fischer, who very vividly described the Soviet society of the 1920s and the 1930s.</p><p>The second part of the article reveals the main stages of G. Fischer’s scientific activities. His main scientific works, views and concepts are analyzed here. The notion of social integration and the Soviet people’s “inertia” is considered. The issues of conformism in the Western society are likewise scrutinized. The article also discusses G. Fischer’s works dedicated to the pioneers of Soviet sociology – the Soviet sociologists of the 1960s. Besides, the research considers the concept of the Soviet society as an alternative model of a social structure. Special attention is paid to the notion of a self-governing society put forward by G. Fischer.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>вторая волна эмиграции</kwd><kwd>Джордж Фишер</kwd><kwd>зарубежная социология</kwd><kwd>либерализм</kwd><kwd>россика</kwd><kwd>русское зарубежье</kwd><kwd>самоуправление</kwd><kwd>советская социология</kwd><kwd>социология</kwd><kwd>социология в США</kwd><kwd>эмиграция</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>second wave of emigration</kwd><kwd>George Fischer</kwd><kwd>foreign sociology</kwd><kwd>liberalism</kwd><kwd>rossika</kwd><kwd>Russian abroad</kwd><kwd>self-government</kwd><kwd>Soviet sociology</kwd><kwd>sociology</kwd><kwd>sociology in the USA</kwd><kwd>emigration</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Лютикова 2025 – Лютикова Г.В. Коминтерн в Переделкине: Дом Вольфа // XI московские Анциферовские чтения: сб. статей по материалам Всероссийской научной конференции, посвященной 150-летию В.Д. Бонч-Бруевича / отв. ред. Д.С. Московская; сост. К.В. Сарычева. М.: ГМИРЛИ им. В.И. Даля: ИМЛИ РАН, 2025. С. 87–108.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Billington, J.H. (1960), “[Review of:] Fischer, G., Russian liberalism from gentry to intelligentsia”, The American Slavic and East European Review, vol. 19, no. 2, pp. 289–291.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Попов 2004 – Попов А. В. Джордж Фишер – странный странник или пять раз по четыре // Берега: Информационно-аналитический сборник о русском зарубежье. СПб.: Информационно-культурный центр «Русская эмиграция», 2004. Т. 3. С. 25–30.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fischer, G.Yu. (U.) (1997), “Two passions”, in Popov, A.V., ed., V poiskakh istiny: Puti i sud’by vtoroi ehmigratsii: Sbornik statei [Search of truth. Ways and fates of the second emigration. Collected articles], RGGU, Moscow, Russia, pp. 177–219. (Materialy k istorii russkoi politicheskoi ehmigratsii; 2)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Попов 2004 – Попов А.В. Мюнхенский институт по изучению истории и культуры СССР и «вторая волна» эмиграции // Новый исторический вестник. 2004. № 1 (10). С. 54–70.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fischer, G. (1949), “The Russian archives in Prague”, The American Slavic and East European Review, no. 8, pp. 289–295.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Фирсов 2013 – Фирсов Б.М. Как наводились мосты между советской и зарубежной социологией, или “self-madesociologists” // Телескоп: журнал социологических и маркетинговых исследований. 2013. № 1. С. 8–24.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fischer, G. (1952), Soviet opposition to Stalin: A case study in World War II, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, USA.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Фишер 1997 – Фишер Дж.Ю.(У.) Две страсти // В поисках истины: Пути и судьбы второй эмиграции: Сб. статей / сост. В.С. Карпов, А.В. Попов, Н.А. Троицкий; под общ. ред. А.В. Попова; вступ. статья А.В. Попова. М.: РГГУ, 1997. С. 176–219. (Материалы к истории русской политической эмиграции; 2)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fischer, G. (1958), Russian liberalism, from gentry to intelligentsia, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, USA. (Russian Research Center Studies; iss. 30)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Billington 1960 – Billington J.H. [Review of:] “Russian liberalism from gentry to intelligentsia” by George Fischer // The American Slavic and East European Review. 1960. Vol. 19. No. 2. P. 289–291.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fischer, G. (1964), Science and politics: The new sociology in the Soviet Union, Cornell University Center for International Studies, New York, USA.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fischer 1949 – Fischer G. The Russian archive in Prague // The American Slavic and East European Review. 1949. No. 8. P. 289–295.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fischer, G. (1968), The Soviet system and modern society, Atherton Press, New York, USA.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fischer 1958 – Fischer G. Russian liberalism, from gentry to intelligentsia. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1958. 240 p. (Russian Research Center Studies; iss. 30)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fischer, G. (1978), Ways to self-rule. Beyond Marxism and anarchism, Exposition Press, New York, USA.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fischer 1964 – Fischer G. Science and politics: The new sociology in the Soviet Union. N.Y.: Cornell University Center for International Studies, 1964. 76 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Firsov, B.M. (2013), “How bridges were built between Soviet and foreign sociology, or ‘self-made sociologists’”, Teleskop: zhurnal sotsiologicheskikh i marketingovykh issledovanii, no. 1, pp. 8–24.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fischer 1952 – Fischer G. Soviet opposition to Stalin: A case study in World War II. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1952. 230 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lyutikova, G.V. (2025), “Comintern in Peredelkino. Wolf’s house”, in Moskovskaya, D.S., ed., XI moskovskie Antsiferovskie chteniya: sbornik statei po materialam Vserossiiskoi nauchnoi konferentsii, posvyashchennoi 150-letiyu V.D. BonchBruevich [11th Moscow Antsiferov Conference: Collected articles based on the materials from the All-Russian Scientific Conference dedicated to the 150th anniversary of V.D. Bonch-Bruevich], MIRLI imeni V.I. Dalya, IMLI RAN, Moscow, Russia, pp. 87–108.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fischer 1968 – Fischer G. The Soviet system and modern society. N.Y.: Atherton Press, 1968. 199 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Popov, A.V. (2004), “George Fisher is a strange wanderer or five times four”, in Berega:  Informatsionno-analiticheskii  sbornik  o  russkom  zarubezh’e  [Shores. Information and analytical collection on “Russian Abroad”], Informatsionnokul’turnyi tsentr «Russkaya ehmigratsiya», Saint Petersburg, vol. 3, pp. 25–30.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fischer 1978 – Fischer G. Ways to self-rule. Beyond Marxism and Anarchism. N.Y.: Exposition Press, 1978. 244 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Popov, A.V. (2004), “Munich Institute for the Study of History and Culture of the USSR and the ‘second wave’ of emigration”, The New Historical Bulletin, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 54–70.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
