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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">documentation</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">История и архивы</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>History and Archives</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2658-6541</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Russian State University for the Humanities (RSUH)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.28995/2658-6541-2026-8-2-42-59</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">documentation-586</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ВСЕОБЩАЯ ИСТОРИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>WORLD HISTORY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Нищие и бродяги в нарративных источниках средневековой Исландии: опыт компаративного анализа материала исландских саг и свода законов «Серый гусь»</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Beggars and vagrants in the narrative sources of Medieval Iceland: a comparative research of the Icelandic sagas’ material and the “Grágás” law code</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0001-1420-7606</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Малькова</surname><given-names>А. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Malkova</surname><given-names>A. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Анна А. Малькова </p><p>125047, Москва, Миусская пл., д. 6, стр. 6</p><p> </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anna N. Malkova, Russian State University for the Humanities </p><p>6-6, Miusskaya Sq., Moscow, Russia, 125047</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">anna.norna.gest@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Российский государственный гуманитарный университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian State University for the Humanities</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>13</day><month>06</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>8</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>42</fpage><lpage>59</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Малькова А.Н., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Малькова А.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Malkova A.N.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://documentation.rsuh.ru/jour/article/view/586">https://documentation.rsuh.ru/jour/article/view/586</self-uri><abstract><p>Статья посвящена исследованию образа нищих и бродяг в нарративных источниках средневековой Исландии. Источниковой базой исследования стали средневековый исландский судебник «Серый гусь» и две разновидности саг: «саги об исландцах» и «саги о современности». С помощью компаративного анализа и методик исторической текстологии выявлены точки пересечений и расхождений в различных разновидностях нарратива, прояснен вопрос о соотношении литературных и исторически достоверных элементов в образе нищих и бродяг, поставлены исследовательские вопросы, связанные с фундаментальными проблемами саговедения: о соотношении «правды текста» и «правды факта» в исландских сагах, о степени влияния устной и книжной традиции на повествование, о связи текстов саг и законов, а также о ценностных основаниях средневекового исландского общества, роли и месте человека в нем. Образ нищих и бродяг в «сагах об исландцах» демонстрирует большую гомогенность по сравнению с «сагами о современности», характер их действий однотипен и не выходит за рамки вспомогательной роли в развитии сюжета. Параллели с положениями закона «Серый гусь» редки и свидетельствуют об авторской активности. «Саги о современности», напротив, представляют большее разнообразие поведенческих моделей у нищих и бродяг, чаще встречаются параллели с положениями судебника, в круг предполагаемых источников влияния включаются не только судебник и «саги об исландцах», но и устная традиция, представленная этимологическими преданиями.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article discusses the image of beggars and vagrants in the narrative sources of medieval Iceland. The source base of this research is the codex of the medieval Icelandic law “Grágás” and the two kinds of sagas: “Íslendingasǫgur” and “Samtíðarsögur”. With the assistance of a comparative analysis and the historical research methodologies of textual studies, we found out the points of the intersection and divergence in different types of texts, cleared up the issue about the balance between the literary and historical details of the image of beggars and vagrants, and we also posed the questions pertaining to “the truth of the text” and “the truth of the historical fact” in Icelandic sagas, to the degree of influence on the narration of the oral and written tradition, to the relationship between the sagas and the law, and, likewise, to the value base of the Medieval Icelandic society and the role and the place of a human being in it. The image of the beggars and vagrants in the “sagas of the Icelanders” is more homogenous than in the “contemporary sagas”, the nature of their actions is monotypic and keeps within the framework of a supporting role in the plot unraveling. On the other hand, the “contemporary sagas” present a greater diversity of the behavioral patterns among the beggars and vagabonds; the parallels with the provisions of the Code of Laws are more common; the circle of the supposed sources of influence includes not only the Code of Laws and the “sagas of Icelanders” but also the oral tradition, represented by the etymological legends.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>исландские саги</kwd><kwd>родовые саги</kwd><kwd>саги о современности</kwd><kwd>средневековое право</kwd><kwd>судебник «Серый гусь»</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Icelandic sagas</kwd><kwd>Íslendingasǫgur</kwd><kwd>Samtíðarsögur</kwd><kwd>medieval law</kwd><kwd>“Grágás”</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Байок 2012 – Байок Дж.Л. Исландия эпохи викингов / пер. И. Свердлова. М.: Астрель, 2012. 909 с. 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