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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">documentation</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">История и архивы</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>History and Archives</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2658-6541</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Russian State University for the Humanities (RSUH)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.28995/2658-6541-2025-7-2-69-83</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">documentation-488</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ВСЕОБЩАЯ ИСТОРИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>WORLD HISTORY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Трансформация политического насилия в поздней Римской республике (на примере расправы над Гракхами)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The transformation of the political violence in the Late Roman Republic (by the example of the murder of the Gracchi brothers)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0002-6849-9891</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Беляева</surname><given-names>Д. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Belyaeva</surname><given-names>D. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Дарья А. Беляева, аспирант</p><p>125047, Москва, Миусская пл., д. 6</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Daria A. Belyaeva, postgraduate student</p><p>6, Miusskaya Sq., Moscow, 125047</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sharky36@narod.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Российский государственный гуманитарный университет<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Russian State University for the Humanities<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>10</day><month>06</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>7</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>69</fpage><lpage>83</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Беляева Д.А., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Беляева Д.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Belyaeva D.A.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://documentation.rsuh.ru/jour/article/view/488">https://documentation.rsuh.ru/jour/article/view/488</self-uri><abstract><p>В статье рассматривается трансформация политического насилия в поздней Римской республике на примере убийства братьев Гракхов и его освещения в трудах греко-римских историков. Анализ расправы над Гракхами позволяет поставить и рассмотреть проблему перехода Римской республики ко все более активному использованию политического террора ко внутренним противникам. Убийство братьев Гракхов усиливает конфликтные тенденции в республике, перестают работать старые формы решения конфликтов, после смерти братьев Гракхов насилие становится приемлемым способом решения политических кризисов. В статье проводится анализ конкретных обстоятельств убийства Тиберия и Гая Гракхов. Такой анализ позволяет сделать вывод о меняющемся характере насилия в республике – политический террор в Риме постепенно движется в сторону все большего регулирования насильственных действий, все большей их масштабности. От беспорядочного террора, которому подверглись сторонники Тиберия, совершается переход к более регулируемому и менее хаотичному преследованию его брата Гая, чьи сторонники подвергаются в том числе и судебному преследованию. В конечном счете из этих тенденций сформируется цельная концепция «врага», которая будет наиболее ярко отражена в проскрипционном терроре I в. н. э.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article considers the transformation of political violence in the Late Roman Republic by the example of the murder of the Gracchi brothers and its coverage in the works of Graeco-Roman historians. The analysis of the murder of the Gracchi brothers allows us to pose and consider the issue of the transition of the Roman Republic to an increasingly active use of political terror against internal opponents. The assassination of the Gracchi brothers intensifies the conflict tendencies in the republic, the old forms of conflict resolution cease to work, and after the death of the Gracchi brother’s violence becomes an acceptable form of solving political crises. The author analyzes the specific circumstances of the assassination of Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus and concludes about the change in the nature of violence in the Roman Republic: political terror was gradually moving towards increasing regulation of violent acts and their increasing scale. From the indiscriminate terror to which Tiberius’ supporters were subjected, the transition is made to a more regulated and less chaotic persecution of his brother Gaius, whose supporters were also prosecuted by the law. Eventually, those trends formed a coherent “enemy” concept that was most clearly reflected in the terror of the proscriptions of the 1st century AD.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Гракхи</kwd><kwd>Римская республика</kwd><kwd>политический террор</kwd><kwd>трибунат</kwd><kwd>реформы</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Gracchi</kwd><kwd>Roman Republic</kwd><kwd>political terror</kwd><kwd>tribunate</kwd><kwd>reforms</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group xml:lang="ru"><funding-statement>Публикация подготовлена в рамках работы по научному проекту РГГУ «Человек, общество и власть в Римской империи в условиях трансформации» (конкурс «Студенческие проектные научные коллективы РГГУ»).</funding-statement></funding-group><funding-group xml:lang="en"><funding-statement>The article was prepared within the framework of the research project of the Russian State Humanitarian University “Individual, society and power in the Roman Empire in the context of transformation” (grant competition “Student project research teams of the Russian State University for the Humanities”).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ковалев 1986 – Ковалев С.И. 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