<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">documentation</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">История и архивы</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>History and Archives</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2658-6541</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Russian State University for the Humanities (RSUH)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.28995/2658-6541-2021-4-82-99</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">documentation-283</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>АРХИВОВЕДЕНИЕ И ДОКУМЕНТОВЕДЕНИЕ: ИСТОРИЯ, ТЕОРИЯ, ПРАКТИКА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ARCHIVES ADMINISTRATION AND RECORDS MANAGEMENT: HISTORY, THEORY, PROCEDURES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Основные проблемы собирания документального наследия и создания ГАФ СССР в 1917–1930-е гг.</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The main problems of collecting the documentary heritage and creating the State Archival Fund of the USSR in 1917–1930s</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Химина</surname><given-names>Н. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Khimina</surname><given-names>N. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Нина И. Химина, кандидат исторических наук, доцент</p><p>125047, Москва, Миусская пл., д. 6</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nina I. Khimina, Cand. of Sci. (History), associate professor</p><p>bld. 6, Miusskaya Sq., Moscow 125047</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nin.khimina@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Российский государственный гуманитарный университет<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Russian State University for the Humanities<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>07</day><month>12</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>82</fpage><lpage>99</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Химина Н.И., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Химина Н.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Khimina N.I.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://documentation.rsuh.ru/jour/article/view/283">https://documentation.rsuh.ru/jour/article/view/283</self-uri><abstract><p>В статье рассмотрены история собирания документального и культурного наследия с 1917 г. и участие архивов, музеев и библиотек в создании Архивного фонда страны. В 1920–1930-е гг. усилиями выдающихся представителей отечественной культуры создавались архивные учреждения, совершенствовались структура и направления деятельности музеев, созданных ранее в российском государстве в XVIII– XIX вв., а также открывались новые музеи в различных регионах России, в которые поступали спасенные архивные фонды, коллекции и отдельные документы. Показано, что в этот период шла дискуссия о разграничении понятий ≪архив≫, ≪библиотека≫, ≪музей≫. Раскрыты сложности во взаимоотношениях музеев, библиотек и архивов в процессе спасения культурного достояния государства и размещении архивных документов, проблемы и трудности создания ГАФ СССР. Разработка в этот период архивистами нормативно-методических документов, регулирующих основные направления работы по описанию и учету поступивших в государственные хранилища документов, способствовала более эффективному использованию и публикации документов, хранящихся в государственных архивах. Отмечается, что музеи и библиотеки испытывали проблемы в описании принятых на хранение архивных документов, их учете и создании справочно-поисковых средств к ним, а также возможностях эффективного использования документов. Документы рукописных отделов музеев и библиотек стали частью единого архивного наследия страны и вместе с государственными архивами обеспечивают информационными ресурсами проведение различного рода исторических исследований.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article examines the history of collecting documentary and cultural heritage since 1917 and the participation of archives, museums and libraries in the creation of the Archival Fund of the country. In the 1920s and 1930s, archival institutions were established through the efforts of outstanding representatives of Russian culture. At the same period, the structure and activities of the museums created earlier in the Russian state in the 18th – 19th centuries were improved. The new museums that had been opened in various regions of Russia received rescued archival funds, collections and occasional papers. It is shown that during this period there was a discussion about the differentiation of the concepts of an “archive”, “library” and a “museum”. The present work reveals the difficulties in the interaction between museums, libraries and archives in the process of saving the cultural heritage of the state and arranging archival documents; the article also discusses the problems and complications in the formation of the State Archival Fund of the USSR. During this period, the development of normative and methodological documents regulating the main areas of work on the description and registration of records received by state repositories contributed to a more efficient use and publication of the documents stored in the state archives. It is noted that museums and libraries had problems connected with the description of the archival documents accepted for storage, with record keeping and the creation of the finding aids for them, as well as with the possibilities of effective use of the papers. The documents of the manuscript departments of museums and libraries have become part of the unified archival heritage of Russia and, together with the state archives, they now provide information resources for conducting various kinds of historical research.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>архивные документы</kwd><kwd>музеи</kwd><kwd>библиотеки</kwd><kwd>историко- документальное наследие</kwd><kwd>нормативно-методическое обеспечение деятельности архивных учреждений</kwd><kwd>описание документов</kwd><kwd>государственный учет документов</kwd><kwd>использование архивных документов</kwd><kwd>паспортизация</kwd><kwd>Архивный фонд Российской Федерации</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>archival documents</kwd><kwd>museums</kwd><kwd>libraries</kwd><kwd>historical and documentary heritage</kwd><kwd>normative and methodological support of the activities of archival institutions</kwd><kwd>description of documents</kwd><kwd>state registration of documents</kwd><kwd>use of archival documents</kwd><kwd>certification</kwd><kwd>Archival Fund of the Russian Federation</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Автократов 1993 – Автократов В.Н. Из истории централизации. Архивного дела в России: 1917–1919 гг. // Отечественные архивы. 1993. № 3. С. 9–35; № 4. С. 3–27.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Autocratov, V.N. (1993), “From the history of the centralization of archives administration in Russia (1917–1919)”, Otechestvennyye arkhivy, no. 3, pp. 9–35; no. 4, pp. 3–27.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Автократов 1986 – Автократов В.Н. Понятие «архивный фонд» в советском архивоведении 1920-х годов // Археографический ежегодник за 1984 г. М., 1986. С. 42–61.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Autocratov, V.N. (1986), “The concept of ‘archival fund’ in the Soviet archival science of the 1920s”, in Arkheograficheskii ezhegodnik, 1984 [Archeographic Yearbook , 1984], Moscow, Russia, pp. 42–61.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Автократов 1990 – Автократов В.Н. Жизнь и деятельность военного историка и архивиста Г.С. Габаева // Советские архивы. 1990. № 2. С. 61–78.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Autocratov, V.N. (1990), “The life and work of the military historian and archivist G.S. Gabaev”, Sovetskie arhivy, no. 2, pp. 61–78.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Боханов 1989 – Боханов А.Н. Коллекционеры и меценаты в России. М.: Наука, 1989.187 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bokhanov, A.N. (1989), Kollektsionery i metsenaty v Rossii [Collectors and patrons in Russia], Moscow, Russia.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Грицкевич 1992 – Грицкевич В.П. История музейного дела до конца XVIII века. Спб., 2004. 387 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gritskevich, V.P. (2004), Istoriya muzeinogo dela do kontsa XVIII veka [The history of museum business until the end of the 18th century], Saint Petersburg, Russia.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Думова 1992 – Думова Н.Г. Московские меценаты. М., 1992. 334 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dumova, N.G. (1992), Moskovskie metsenaty [Moscow patrons], Moscow, Russia.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Жуков 1978 – Жуков Ю.Н. Становление и деятельность советских органов охраны памятников истории и культуры: 1917–1920. М., 1978. 301 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhukov, Yu.N. (1978), Stanovlenie i deyatel'nost' sovetskikh organov okhrany pamyatnikov istorii i kul'tury, 1917–1920 [Formation and activity of the Soviet institutions for the protection of historical and cultural monuments, 1917– 1920], Moscow, Russia.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Елпатьевский 1997 – Елпатьевский А.В. Заимствование или взаимовлияние? Российское и западноевропейское архивоведение в 1920–1930 гг. // Вестник архивиста. 1997. № 5 (41). С. 34–40.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Elpatyevsky, A.V. (1997), “Borrowing or mutual influence? Russian and West European archival studies in 1920-1930”, Vestnik arhivista/Herald of an Archivist, vol. 41, no. 5, pp. 34–40.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Межова 1974 – Межова К.Г. Источники по архивно-собирательской деятельности В.Д. Бонч-Бруевича: 1931–1941 гг.: Дис. … канд. ист. наук. М., 1974. 208 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mezhova, K.G. (1974), “Sources on the archival and collecting activities of V.D.BonchBruevich (1931–1941)”, Ph.D. Thesis (History)б Moscow, Russia.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Пшеничный 1987 – Пшеничный А.П. О подготовке декрета «Об организации и централизации архивного дела в РСФСР» // Советские архивы. 1987. № 6. С. 16–23.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pshenichnyi, A.P. (1987), “On the preparation of the decree ‘On the organization and centralization of archives administration in the RSFSR’ ”, Sovetskie arhivy, no. 6, pp. 16–23</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Самошенко 1989 – Самошенко В.Н. История архивного дела в дореволюционной России. М., 1989. 215 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Samoshenko, V.N. (1989), Istoriya arkhivnogo dela v dorevolyutsionnoi Rossii [History of archives administration in pre-revolutionary Russia], Moscow, Russia.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Хорхордина 2012 – Хорхордина Т.И. История архивоведческой мысли: Учебник. М., 2012. 448 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Khorkhordina, T.I. (2012), Istoriya arkhivovedcheskoi mysli: Uchebnik [History of archival thought. Textbook], Moscow, Russia.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Хорхордина 2003 – Хорхордина Т.И. Российская наука об архивах: История. Теория. Люди. М., 2003. 525 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Khorkhordina, T.I. (2003), Rossiiskaya nauka ob arkhivakh. Istoriya. Teoriya. Lyudi [Russian science about archives. History. Theory. People], Moscow, Russia.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Черных 1971 – Черных В.А. В.Д. Бонч-Бруевич и получение из-за границы рукописных материалов по истории русской культуры // Археографический ежегодник – 1970. М., 1971. С. 28–42.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chernikh, V.A. (1971), “Bonch-Bruevich and the acquisition of the handwritten materials on the history of Russian culture from abroad”, in Arheographicheskiy ezhegodnik – 1970 [Arheographic yearbook – 1970], Moscow, Russia, pp. 28–42.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Шумихин 1988 – Шумихин С.В. Образование, комплектование и использование архивного собрания Государственного литературного музея в 1931– 1941 гг.: Автореф. дис. … канд. ист. наук. М., 1988. 29 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shumikhin, S.V. (1988), “Education, acquisition and use of the archival collection of the State Literature Museum in 1931–1941”, Abstract of Ph.D. dissertation (History), Moscow, Russia.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
